Squid Game card printable: Dive into the thrilling world of Squid Game with customizable, printable cards. From crafting unique character designs to mastering the game’s rules, this comprehensive guide empowers you to create and play your own Squid Game adventures. Whether you’re a seasoned gamer or a curious newcomer, unlock the potential of these printable cards and experience the captivating world of Squid Game, right at your fingertips.
Unleash your inner strategist with a collection of printable Squid Game cards. This resource will cover everything from designing engaging character cards and challenge cards to mastering printing techniques and crafting the perfect game experience. Learn about different sizes, formats, and printing methods for optimal results. We’ll also explore how to personalize your cards with custom designs, ensuring your game is unique and exciting.
Printable Card Design

Crafting engaging printable Squid Game cards is key to a fun and immersive experience. These cards can be a vital part of any themed party or game night. They elevate the overall enjoyment and add a professional touch.Designing cards that accurately reflect the Squid Game universe is important. This involves careful attention to details, color palettes, and overall aesthetic.
The cards should evoke the thrill and tension of the game.
Different Squid Game Card Designs
Various designs can be implemented to create a unique and engaging experience. Consider the use of bold colors and dynamic imagery for a thrilling aesthetic. Some examples include character cards featuring detailed portraits, challenge cards displaying intricate game diagrams, and even reward cards showcasing achievements. The possibilities are endless.
Sizes and Formats for Printable Cards
The size and format of the cards significantly impact their usability. Different card types might benefit from different sizes. A standard card size is crucial for ease of printing and handling. For instance, A4 and A5 paper sizes are commonly used, and the choice often depends on the overall aesthetic and the intended game play.
Card Types
Understanding the different card types is essential for effective design. Character cards often showcase the appearance and abilities of players, while challenge cards detail the specific tasks within the game. Reward cards, on the other hand, acknowledge achievements or progress made. This distinction helps streamline the gameplay experience.
Visual Appeal and Design
Achieving a visually appealing design is vital. Visual elements can dramatically influence the player’s engagement. High-quality graphics, clear typography, and a consistent color scheme all contribute to an aesthetically pleasing design. Utilizing a consistent style guide will also improve the card’s overall look and feel.
Color Palettes
Selecting appropriate color palettes is crucial for evoking the right atmosphere. A color palette that evokes the tension and excitement of the game is essential. Think of deep blues, bold reds, and contrasting black accents. These colors help create a vivid and immersive atmosphere. A muted color scheme might be suitable for reward cards, while vibrant colors are more appropriate for challenge cards.
Printable Squid Game Character Card Template
A well-structured template is key to ensuring uniformity and clarity. The template should include spaces for the character’s name, image, abilities, and any other relevant details. This template can be customized to suit the specific needs of the game.
Character Card Template
Name: [Character Name]
Image: [Image of Character]
Abilities: [Character Abilities]
Skills: [Character Skills]
Appearance: [Character Appearance]
Card Sizes and Dimensions
The following table Artikels different card sizes for optimal printing and handling:
Card Type | Width (mm) | Height (mm) |
---|---|---|
Character Card | 90 | 120 |
Challenge Card | 120 | 160 |
Reward Card | 70 | 100 |
Card Printing Solutions
Bringing your Squid Game card designs to life requires careful consideration of printing methods and materials. This process is crucial for achieving a professional and durable final product. From home printing to professional options, there are several paths to success.
High-quality printing ensures your cards stand out and last, whether they’re used for games, decorations, or even collectible items. Different methods and materials affect the outcome, from the crispness of the image to the card’s overall feel. Choosing the right path depends on your budget, desired quality, and the quantity of cards needed.
Home Printing Instructions
Careful planning and execution are essential for achieving desirable results at home. Following a structured approach maximizes the chances of a successful outcome.
- Gather Supplies: Ensure you have the necessary materials, including your printable design files, printer ink, and the appropriate paper type. Proper preparation is key to a successful print job.
- Choose Paper: Card stock, often available in various weights, is preferable for durability. Experiment with different weights to determine the ideal balance between sturdiness and flexibility. Consider the intended use and the desired aesthetic when making your choice.
- Adjust Printer Settings: Optimize printer settings for the best possible outcome. Use the highest resolution setting your printer supports, and adjust the print quality to match the paper’s weight and thickness. Adjusting print settings to your printer’s capacity is crucial for the best results.
- Print Your Cards: Load the paper into your printer, and then print the design. Monitor the print process, and ensure the print quality aligns with your expectations. Be prepared for adjustments if necessary.
Paper Types for Printing
Selecting the right paper type is crucial for maintaining the integrity of your designs.
- Card Stock: This is a common choice for its durability and thickness, offering a solid foundation for your Squid Game cards. Different weights of card stock offer varying levels of sturdiness and visual appeal. Choose the weight that best complements the intended use of the cards.
- Premium Paper: For those seeking an exceptional aesthetic, premium paper options may offer a more luxurious feel. However, they may be more expensive and might not always be ideal for high-volume printing. Consider the cost-benefit ratio for your project.
- Specialty Paper: This includes options like textured or coated paper. They add unique visual elements to your designs, but their suitability depends on the design’s complexity and the intended use of the cards. The texture and coating affect the way the print appears.
Printing Methods
Different printing methods offer varying degrees of quality and cost.
- Inkjet Printers: Inkjet printers are common at home, providing a reasonable balance between cost and quality. They are suitable for smaller print runs and are capable of producing vibrant colors. Inkjet printers are widely available and easy to use.
- Laser Printers: Laser printers often produce higher-quality prints with sharper details, making them suitable for documents requiring clarity and precision. They are known for their efficiency and speed. They are also suitable for high-volume printing.
Optimal Printing Settings
Optimizing print settings is crucial for achieving the best possible results.
- Resolution: Higher resolution settings generally produce clearer and sharper images, enhancing the visual appeal of your cards. Experiment with different resolutions to find the sweet spot between image quality and print time.
- Color Mode: Selecting the appropriate color mode ensures accurate representation of colors in your design. Adjust the settings to your design needs.
- Paper Type: Ensure the printer’s settings align with the chosen paper type for optimal print quality. Adjust the settings for the best outcome, considering paper weight and thickness.
Importance of Paper Weight
Choosing the right paper weight directly impacts the durability and overall quality of your cards.
- Durability: Heavier card stock provides more resistance to bending and tearing, enhancing the longevity of your cards. This is especially important for cards intended for repeated use or handling.
- Sturdiness: Appropriate paper weight ensures that the cards maintain their shape and form, preventing warping or distortion. Sturdiness is vital for a professional-looking product.
Comparing Printing Options
Different printing options cater to diverse needs and budgets.
Printing Method | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Inkjet | Affordable, widely available, good for color | Lower print quality compared to laser, slower speed |
Laser | Higher print quality, faster speed, suitable for large volumes | More expensive, might not be ideal for vibrant colors |
Printable Card Template Formats
Creating templates in various formats ensures compatibility with different printing platforms.
- PDF: A versatile format widely supported by printers, offering a reliable way to maintain the integrity of your designs. PDF files maintain the original design format across various platforms.
- JPEG: Suitable for basic designs, JPEGs are a common choice for simple images. They might not be ideal for complex designs requiring high detail.
- PNG: Suitable for designs with transparent backgrounds, PNGs offer a way to incorporate elements seamlessly. Ensure the format aligns with your design requirements.
Card Game Rules and Variations
Unleash the thrill of Squid Game, but in a card-based format! This exciting card game captures the spirit of the show while offering a fresh, adaptable experience for players of all ages and skill levels. The simple yet strategic gameplay creates unforgettable moments of tension and excitement.
The core gameplay revolves around a deck of cards, each representing a challenge or task. Players must skillfully navigate the challenges, aiming for the coveted final prize. Adaptability is key, making the game engaging for diverse groups and ages. The rules can be easily customized to fit the specific needs and preferences of the players.
Card Game Fundamentals
The game hinges on a well-structured deck of cards. Each card represents a challenge or a reward. The design of these cards will significantly influence the overall experience. The cards can be designed to feature vivid imagery that reflects the essence of the Squid Game challenges. A clear visual representation on each card will guide players through the game flow and maintain a cohesive aesthetic.
Variations for Different Player Groups
The core gameplay is flexible, allowing for modifications to suit various groups. For instance, a simplified version can be crafted for younger players, focusing on basic card recognition and simple tasks. A more advanced version can incorporate complex strategies and potentially risky decisions. These variations allow players of all skill levels to participate and enjoy the game.
Adapting for Children
To tailor the game for younger players, modify the challenges to be age-appropriate. For example, tasks could involve matching colors, recognizing shapes, or sorting cards. This adaptation maintains the strategic element while keeping the game fun and accessible for children. The complexity of the challenges can be reduced to align with their developmental stage.
Key Components
The game requires a well-shuffled deck of cards, a designated playing area, and a clear set of rules. A scoring system, and tokens or markers for tracking progress, are also beneficial. These components are crucial for a smooth and enjoyable gameplay experience. A simple scoring system can be employed, with points awarded for successful completion of tasks or challenges.
Implementing New Rules
To enhance the game’s replayability, new rules can be introduced. For example, a “wildcard” card could be added, allowing players to swap or modify the task on another card. Implementing time limits on tasks adds a dynamic element, increasing the strategic depth and keeping players engaged. These additions provide players with new strategic choices.
Comparing Game Rules
Rule | Description | Variations |
---|---|---|
Basic Card Play | Players draw cards, perform the associated task, and gain points. | Players can choose to swap cards, or draw cards from specific positions in the deck. |
Challenge Tasks | Cards specify tasks that players must complete. | Tasks can range from simple actions to complex problem-solving scenarios. |
Scoring System | Points are awarded for successful task completion. | Points can be deducted for failed attempts or penalties. |
Card Content and Information
Crafting compelling Squid Game cards requires careful attention to detail. Each card needs to be a microcosm of the game itself, sparking intrigue and excitement. Think of them as miniature narratives, bringing the players into the heart of the action.
Information on each card should be easily digestible, conveying the core elements of the challenge or character without overwhelming the reader. Clear visual cues are equally important, helping to quickly identify the game’s various aspects. A well-designed card, after all, is a gateway to immersive gameplay.
Card Information Details
A comprehensive card should include critical information about the challenge or the character. This allows for a quick grasp of the game’s core components. This includes the game’s essence, whether it is a physical task or a psychological one.
- Challenge Description: Concisely outlining the challenge’s objective, rules, and required actions. Avoid unnecessary jargon.
- Character Details: Include essential details like appearance, personality, and any special abilities or weaknesses. This can be illustrated with a simple drawing, symbol, or icon to aid recognition.
- Point System: Highlight the scoring or point allocation associated with the challenge, or character-specific attributes, which will influence gameplay decisions.
- Unique Identifier: A unique symbol or code to help players easily track and identify specific challenges or characters within the game.
Character Description Examples
The descriptions should capture the essence of the character and hint at their role within the game. Imagine a character designed to represent a specific challenge.
- “The Architect”: Tall, stern, and meticulous, dressed in a crisp white suit, he commands the room with his presence. His special ability is to strategically design the games. Weakness: easily distracted by minor imperfections in the design.
- “The Gambler”: A sly, quick-witted individual, always one step ahead of the game. He has a penchant for betting on impossible odds. Weakness: easily influenced by large sums of money.
Challenge Description Examples
Each challenge should be described in a manner that clearly communicates the nature of the task.
- “Red Light, Green Light”: Players must run across a designated area without being tagged by the “guard.” Description: A classic game of speed and alertness. Points are awarded for successfully navigating the area without being tagged. Penalties are incurred for being tagged.
- “Tug-of-War”: Teams compete in a tug-of-war contest. Description: Strength and teamwork are crucial in this game. Points are awarded based on the distance the rope is pulled. Teams with significant gaps in strength are at a disadvantage.
Card Layouts
Card layouts should be adaptable to the information presented. Consider various formats to maintain clarity and visual appeal.
- Grid-based Layout: Divide the card into sections for character details, challenge description, and points, using distinct colours for visual separation.
- Sequential Layout: Arrange the information in a step-by-step format for tasks that have multiple stages, helping the player follow the sequence of actions.
Unique Identifiers
These identifiers are crucial for tracking purposes and help in differentiating challenges and characters.
- Character Icons: Use distinctive symbols to represent characters, like a crown for royalty or a sword for warriors. These icons are a simple yet effective way to quickly identify a character’s type or function.
- Challenge Codes: Assign numerical codes to each challenge, facilitating efficient organization and tracking. This ensures clarity for both players and organizers.
Card Content Categories
Category | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
Challenge | Description of the challenge’s objective, rules, and actions | “Red Light, Green Light” |
Character | Details about the character’s appearance, personality, abilities, and weaknesses | “The Architect” |
Points | Scoring or point allocation associated with the challenge or character | 10 points for successful completion |
Identifier | Unique symbol or code to identify the challenge or character | #RG1 |
Card Game Materials and Resources
Crafting a compelling card game hinges on the right materials. From the tactile feel of the cards to the aesthetic appeal of the presentation, every element contributes to the overall gaming experience. Careful selection and preparation of materials elevate the game from a simple pastime to a captivating adventure.
Essential materials for any card game are crucial for smooth gameplay and enjoyable interaction. These materials need to be carefully chosen to ensure the game’s longevity and the players’ comfort.
Essential Materials
This section Artikels the fundamental components necessary for creating and playing a card game. A well-structured game design needs thoughtful consideration of these basic materials.
- Card Stock: The backbone of any card game. High-quality card stock ensures durability and a satisfying playing experience. Different weights and finishes affect the feel and visual appeal of the cards. Thicker stock, for instance, provides better resistance to wear and tear, while smoother finishes enhance visual clarity.
- Printing Supplies: High-quality printers are vital for crisp, vibrant images and clear text. Choosing the right ink type and paper weight is essential for long-lasting cards that maintain their vibrancy.
- Cutting Tools: Precise cutting tools are paramount for creating uniform card shapes. Specialized card-cutting equipment, while not strictly necessary, will help achieve consistent card dimensions and avoid unsightly irregularities. Scissors and craft knives are useful alternatives.
- Design Software: Design software is indispensable for creating unique card designs. Graphic design tools empower users to incorporate captivating artwork and intricate details, transforming simple cards into engaging elements.
- Envelopes (Optional): For storing and protecting cards, envelopes are a smart choice. They enhance the game’s organization and presentation, adding a touch of elegance and protection to the cards.
- Accessories: These include card sleeves, dividers, and other game components. Card sleeves protect the cards from wear and tear, while dividers maintain the organization of cards.
Card Stock Preparation
The quality of card stock significantly impacts the overall feel and playability of the cards. Proper preparation is key to achieving the desired outcome.
- Choosing the Right Stock: Select card stock appropriate for the game’s design and desired feel. Heavier card stock is better suited for games with frequent handling, while lighter stock might be more suitable for games requiring greater flexibility.
- Cutting the Stock: Ensure precise cuts to maintain the cards’ uniformity. Using specialized tools will yield better results compared to using household scissors.
- Finishing Touches: Apply any desired finish, like embossing or coating, to enhance the cards’ appearance. These finishes contribute to the card’s overall visual appeal.
Card Stock Sourcing, Squid game card printable
Finding the right card stock depends on your budget and the game’s requirements. Consider these options:
- Local Craft Stores: A reliable source for a variety of card stock options, from basic to specialty. Craft stores often offer competitive pricing and a diverse selection.
- Online Retailers: Online retailers provide an extensive range of card stock options, sometimes at lower prices. They are particularly convenient for bulk orders.
- Print-on-Demand Services: Print-on-demand services offer a viable option for printing smaller quantities. They provide flexibility in customization and are suitable for unique projects.
Creating Card Stock
Creating your own card stock requires specialized equipment and techniques.
- Using a Printer: Printers can create basic card stock using specialized paper or cardstock settings.
- Using a Laser Cutter: Laser cutters offer precision for intricate card shapes and designs.
- Employing a Laminator: Laminators protect the cards from damage and add a smooth, durable finish.
Card Game Accessories
A range of accessories can enhance the gaming experience.
- Card Sleeves: Protect cards from damage and maintain their pristine condition.
- Card Holders: Organize and store cards effectively.
- Game Boxes: Store the game components securely and enhance its aesthetic appeal.
Printing and Design Software Resources
Several software options are available to enhance card design.
Software | Description |
---|---|
Adobe Photoshop | Powerful image editing and design software. |
Canva | User-friendly platform for creating visuals, including cards. |
GIMP | Free and open-source image editing software. |
Card Game Customization Options

Unleash your inner game designer! Tailoring your Squid Game card game to your specific needs and preferences is a rewarding experience, allowing you to create a truly unique and engaging gameplay experience for your players. This section explores the exciting world of customization, from personalizing the cards themselves to crafting entirely new rulesets.
Personalizing the Squid Game card game is a fun and engaging way to create a unique experience for your players. Whether you’re looking for a subtle tweak or a complete overhaul, the possibilities are as endless as your imagination. This allows you to tailor the game to your specific audience and create an unforgettable experience.
Different Customization Options for Cards
Adding your own personal touch to the game cards can significantly enhance the experience. You can modify existing card designs, or create entirely new card types to reflect different aspects of the game. This personalization can range from subtle adjustments to bold transformations.
- Card Colors and Themes: Cards can be designed with distinct color schemes, reflecting specific game rounds or challenges. For instance, red could represent danger, blue could signify safety, or green could symbolize progress. These thematic color choices can enhance the visual appeal and help players quickly identify different card types.
- Image and Illustration Changes: Adding unique illustrations or imagery to the cards can greatly improve the visual appeal and create a more immersive experience. A specific illustration, for instance, could depict a particular round of the game or a special challenge. The imagery can also be used to highlight certain game rules or strategies.
- Font and Typography Choices: The font used for the card text can greatly impact the overall look and feel of the game. A bold, sans-serif font could convey a sense of urgency, while a more elegant script font could create a more sophisticated feel. Choosing a font that complements the theme of the game is important for a visually appealing result.
- Adding Unique Card Types: Introduce new card types to expand the game’s depth and complexity. A “lucky draw” card, for example, could introduce an element of chance or provide special benefits. Or, introduce cards that allow players to swap positions, add a level of strategic unpredictability.
Personalizing the Card Game
The customization options extend beyond the cards themselves. Players can adjust the game’s rules to tailor the experience to their group’s preferences.
- Modifying Game Rules: Adjusting the game’s rules, like changing the number of rounds or altering the scoring system, can create a completely different gameplay experience. This allows for a wide range of adaptations, catering to both experienced and novice players.
- Adding New Challenges: Introducing new challenges and obstacles to the game can create a unique and unpredictable experience. For example, you could incorporate a surprise round or an unexpected event that alters the course of the game.
- Creating Custom Rounds: Crafting entirely new game rounds with their own unique challenges and objectives can greatly enhance the game’s replayability and complexity. These new rounds could involve a completely different set of tasks, goals, or strategies.
Examples of Custom Designs for Cards
Illustrating the possibilities of customization, consider a set of cards where each card depicts a different task or challenge within a custom game round. For instance, a “Red Light, Green Light” card might display a flashing red light graphic, while a “Memory Test” card would feature images of objects for players to memorize. This visually represents the different challenges within the game, making the game easier to understand.
Adding Images or Illustrations
High-quality images or illustrations can significantly improve the visual appeal and engagement of your game cards. Using a professional graphic designer or a readily available stock image website can be helpful. Ensure that the images are high-resolution and clearly depict the relevant information or concepts.
Incorporating Branding or Logos
If you want to use your game cards for a promotional purpose, incorporating branding or logos can enhance the recognition and visibility of your brand. This is particularly useful for companies or organizations wanting to use the game for marketing. Ensure that the logo is appropriately sized and positioned to avoid obstructing the essential information on the cards.
Examples of Customized Card Games
- Squid Game: The Corporate Edition: This version replaces the iconic red light/green light game with a series of business-themed challenges, such as speed-negotiations or impromptu presentations. Cards could be designed to represent various corporate strategies or scenarios.
- Squid Game: The Mystery Edition: This edition focuses on deduction and puzzle-solving. Cards would provide clues or hints related to a fictional mystery, prompting players to use logic and deduction to uncover the truth. Cards might include riddles, clues, or character profiles.
Comparing Customization Options
Option | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
Card Colors and Themes | Use different colors to represent different game elements | Red for danger, blue for safety |
Image and Illustration Changes | Visual representation of game elements | Image of a specific game round |
Font and Typography Choices | Font style that enhances the theme | Bold font for urgent tasks |
Adding Unique Card Types | Expand the game’s depth | “Lucky Draw” cards with special effects |
Card Storage and Organization: Squid Game Card Printable
Preserving your Squid Game cards in pristine condition is key to enjoying them for years to come. Proper storage ensures their longevity and maintains their collectible value. Careful planning and execution are essential for keeping your cards safe and organized.
Effective card storage goes beyond simple protection; it’s about creating a system that allows you to easily find and appreciate your cards. This system should accommodate future expansion and changes in your collection, making it adaptable and useful for years to come.
Storage Solutions
Different storage methods cater to various needs and preferences. From basic to elaborate solutions, the ideal choice depends on the size of your collection and your budget.
- Card Sleeves: Card sleeves provide a protective barrier against scratches, dust, and spills. Choose sleeves that fit your card size precisely to prevent damage. They are the most fundamental protective layer, and a critical part of any storage system. Different thicknesses of sleeves provide varied levels of protection. Thicker sleeves offer greater resilience, while thinner sleeves are more compact and economical.
- Card Boxes: Card boxes offer secure storage for multiple cards. Choose boxes with dividers for better organization, and make sure they’re sturdy enough to hold the weight of your collection. Larger boxes may accommodate a greater number of cards, while smaller ones can be ideal for subsets or special collections. Consider boxes made of sturdy materials like cardboard or hard plastic for optimal protection.
- Storage Albums: Storage albums are specifically designed for holding and displaying cards. They often have pre-made slots and pockets to keep cards organized and easily accessible. Albums can be particularly helpful for keeping track of cards in chronological order or by set.
- Custom-Built Storage: If you have a large collection, custom-built storage can be a very effective solution. Custom-built solutions may include custom-designed boxes, cases, or shelves that accommodate your collection perfectly. Consider this if your collection is extensive and needs a dedicated and structured storage solution. This often involves consulting with professionals in crafting or custom furniture design.
Creative Storage Methods
Beyond standard storage options, you can get creative with your storage solutions. These methods can enhance the visual appeal of your collection and make it easier to manage.
- Themed Storage: Organize your cards based on specific themes or categories, such as character types, game modes, or story arcs. This makes your collection more engaging and easily browsable.
- Display Cases: Showcase your prized cards in elegant display cases. Consider using glass display cases to present your cards aesthetically while still protecting them. This option is perfect for those who want to display their collection.
- 3D Printed Cases: If you’re handy with 3D modeling, you can design and print custom storage solutions to perfectly match your style and needs. This is a great option for those with a unique aesthetic or those who want a truly personalized storage solution.
Protecting Your Cards
Protecting your cards from damage is essential to preserving their quality and value. Implementing proper handling and storage techniques is crucial.
- Handling Precautions: Avoid handling cards by their edges. Always hold them by the central portion of the card, and handle them gently to avoid creases or tears. This minimizes wear and tear.
- Environmental Control: Store your cards in a cool, dry, and dark environment to prevent fading, warping, or damage from moisture or extreme temperatures. This is particularly important to maintain the longevity of the cards.
- Card Sleeves Protection: Utilize card sleeves to protect against scratches, dust, and other potential damage. Card sleeves are a crucial step in ensuring card protection.
Card Organization System
A well-organized system will streamline your card management and allow you to easily find specific cards. A robust system helps in quickly accessing cards, minimizing search time, and keeping track of the cards.
- Categorization: Group cards by set, rarity, or other relevant criteria. This method allows you to locate specific cards easily.
- Inventory Management: Create an inventory list or database to keep track of all your cards. This can include details like the card’s name, set, rarity, and any other important information. An inventory management system can help maintain an accurate record of your collection.
Maintaining Card Condition
Regular maintenance is essential to preserve your cards’ quality and value. Keeping cards in optimal condition is key to ensuring long-term value.
- Cleaning: Use a soft brush or a microfiber cloth to gently remove dust and debris from your cards. This step can help maintain their pristine condition.
- Inspection: Regularly inspect your cards for any signs of damage, such as scratches, creases, or tears. Early detection allows for quick action to prevent further damage.
Storage Options Table
Method | Description | Pros/Cons | |
---|---|---|---|
Card Sleeves | Individual protective covers for cards | Excellent protection, affordable | Can be bulky for large collections |
Card Boxes | Storage containers for multiple cards | Organized storage, affordable | May not offer individual protection |
Storage Albums | Bound books with card slots | Organized display, premium look | Higher cost, limited space |
Custom-Built Storage | Custom-designed cases or shelves | Tailored to collection, excellent protection | High cost, requires design/construction |